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CENSUS RECORDS

Census records began in 1801 and were taken every ten years, but very few returns before 1841 survive. There is a 100-year closure on personal information from the returns,

The first four censuses (1801-1831) were mainly statistical (that is, they were mainly headcounts and contained virtually no personal information).

The 1841 Census, conducted by the General Register Office, was the first to record the names of everyone in a household or institution. However, their relationship to the head of the household wasn’t noted, although sometimes this can be inferred from the occupation shown (eg servant). Those under the age of 15 had their proper ages listed, but for those who were older the ages were supposed to be rounded down to the nearest five years, although this rule was not strictly adhered to. Precise birthplaces were not given - at best the birthplace can be narrowed down to the county in which the person was living.

From 1851 onwards the census shows the exact age and relationship to the head of household for each individual; the place of birth was also listed, but with varying degrees of precision. Sometimes those who were born abroad have the annotation B.S. or British Subject.

The censuses are reasonably accurate. However, ages in particular are frequently shown incorrectly, though often the difference is only one year; in general the younger the individual the more accurate the age shown. Birthplaces often vary from one census to the next: a common error is to show the place where the census was taken as the birthplace, but most of the variations in birthplace can be accounted for by changes in geographical scale (for example, the nearest town being shown instead of the precise village, or a city being shown instead of the relevant suburb).

The censuses are also remarkably complete - though inevitably a small percentage of the population wasn’t recorded for one reason or another, and in some cases the records are missing or damaged (notably in 1861). Furthermore, all censuses of Ireland before 1901 have been lost or destroyed.

Because of World War II, there was no census in 1941. However, following the passage into law (on 5 September 1939) of the National Registration Act a population count was carried out on 29 September 1939, which was, in effect, a census.

DEATH CERTIFICATES

A death certificate is a document issued by a government official such as a registrar of vital statistics that declares the date, location and cause of a person's death.

Each governmental jurisdiction prescribes the form of the document for use in its purview and the procedures necessary to legally produce it. One purpose of the certificate is to review the cause of death to determine if foul-play occurred. It may also be required in order to arrange a burial or cremation, to prove a person's will or to claim on a person's life insurance.

Before issuing a death certificate, the authorities usually require a certificate from a physician or coroner to validate the cause of death and the identity of the deceased. In cases where it is not completely clear that a person is dead (usually because their body is being sustained by life support), a neurologist is often called in to verify brain death and to fill out the appropriate documentation. The failure of a physician to immediately submit the required form to the government (to trigger issuance of the death certificate) is often both a crime and cause for loss of one's license to practice. This is because of past scandals in which dead people continued to receive public benefits or "voted" in elections.

Death certificates may also be issued pursuant to a court order or an executive order in the case of individuals who have been declared dead in absentia. Missing persons and victims of mass disasters (such as the sinking of the RMS Lusitania) may be issued death certificates in one of these manners.

In some jurisdictions, a police officer is allowed to sign a death certificate. This is usually when the cause of death seems obvious and no foul play is suspected, such as a home accident or SIDS. In such cases, an autopsy is rarely performed.

THE POOR LAW

The Poor Law Act 1601 was also known as the Elizabethan Poor Law, 43rd Elizabeth[1] Old Poor Law after the passing of the Poor Law Amendment Act in 1834. At the time of passing it was referred to as the 1601 Act for the Relief of the Poor.[2]

It formalised earlier practices of poor relief distribution in England and Wales[3] and is generally considered a refinement of the Act For the Relief of the Poor 1597 that established Overseers of the Poor.[4] The Old Poor Law was not one law but a collection of laws passed between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries. The system's administrative unit was the parish. It was not a collectivist or centralised government policy[5] but a law which made individual parishes responsible for Poor Law legislation. The 1601 act saw a move away from the more obvious forms of punishing paupers under the Tudor system towards methods of 'correction'.

It's Purpose
* to set to work children who were orphaned or whose parents could not maintain them,
* to provide materials to "set the poor on work"
* to offer relief to people who were unable to work — mainly those who were "lame, impotent, old, blind", and
* "the putting out of children to be apprentices".


WORKHOUSES

workhouse

In the UK, a former institution to house and maintain people unable to earn their own living, established under the poor law. Groups of parishes in England combined to build workhouses for the poor, the aged, the disabled, and orphaned children from about 1815 until about 1930.

Sixteenth-century poor laws made parishes responsible for helping the poor within their boundaries. The 19th-century parish poor law unions found workhouses a more cost-effective way. An act of Parliament in 1834 improved supervision of workhouses, where conditions were sometimes harsh, and a new welfare legislation in the early 20th century made them redundant.

UNEMPLOYMENT BENIFIT

Unemployment benefits were first instituted in 1911. Over 2 million people were relying on the payments by 1921, as Britain was experiencing economic hardship after World War I. Those who disliked the handouts referred to the insurance as "the 'dole'"; this may come from the fact that the benefit was paid weekly, in cash, by the Employment Exchange clerk after the customer had 'signed on'.

Registering a still-birth (2007)

When a child is still-born it is necessary to register the still-birth in the district in which it occurred. Although this may be arranged through any register office in England or Wales, it needs to be done within 42 days, and may not be done more than three months after the still-birth occurred.

Legal definition of a still-born child

A still-born child is legally defined as a child born after the 24th week of pregnancy who did not at any time after being born breathe or show any other signs of life. A child who breathed or showed other signs of life is considered live-born for registration purposes irrespective of the number of weeks duration of the pregnancy.

Registering a death (2007)

Where do I register a death?A death must be registered in the district that it occurred.

The death must be registered within five days (unless the coroner is investigating the circumstances leading to the death or the registrar says this period may be exceeded).

NATIONAL INSURANCE

(NI) is a system of taxes and related social security benefits in the United Kingdom. It was first introduced in 1911, and expanded by the government of Clement Attlee in 1946. The tax component of the system consists of taxes paid by employees and employers on weekly earnings and other benefits-in-kind; the self-employed are taxed based upon profits. Such taxes are said to be National Insurance Contributions (NICs).

The benefit component of the system is a number of contributory benefits, that is ones where the claimant's previous contribution record determines the availability and amount of the benefit paid. The benefits provided are weekly income benefits and some lump sum benefits to participants upon death, retirement, unemployment, maternity and disability.

OLD AGE PENSION


The first old age pension was handed out in September 1908
For the over 70's
It was five shillings, worth about 25% of the 1908 average wage! Today's pension is worth only 15% of today's average wage!


1909 "Pensions Day" 1st January - commenced first general old age pension paying a non-contributory weekly amount of between 1s and 5s (= to 10p to 25p)or (7s 6d = to 37.5p) for married couples), from age 70, on a means-tested basis. Over half a million individuals collected their first National Pensions. 1700 collected their pension in Southwark where the agitation first began in 1885, 24 years previously

Army Records

Google

WW2talk.com

NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICE


The National Health Service Act 1946 came into effect on 5 July 1948. Private health care has continued parallel to the NHS, paid for largely by private insurance,

Electoral Roll FREE!!


www.b4usearch.com/

Will be soon up & running for FREE Electoral Roll search for 2006/7. Just register & they will email you when it starts.


Info:From Malcolm's post

More occupations can be found on

http://www.amlwchhistory.co.uk/data/occupations.htm

http://rmhh.co.uk/occup/

Occupations:

Post Office appointments are listed not only for senior employees but also for the lower grades including postmen...

Google......http://www.postalheritage.org.uk/visiting/familyhistory/

n = nudge

It means the items goes to the top of page 1 - until another thread (topic) is answered which then takes its place. Jx

Abbreviations

What is meant when a reply only reads

n

1911 DUBLIN Census on line NOW

Go to www.census.nationalarchives.ie/ and search!


When you've found one that is 'yours' then click on

Household Return (Form A), Page 1

to see the census image.

It also tells you how many child born alive and how many still living.




Taken from Teresa With Irish Blood in Me Veins,s board .

Hi All,

I think that sometimes the point is missed on this board.

It says at the top of the front page....If You would like someone to do a look-up for You.... (or words to that effect ). Sometimes people may just be looking for an answer, and do not understand the complexities of doing research on the Internet. I do My tree as a hobby ( as I guess do most people ).
But I think We need to remember the words at the top of the front page.

Brian.

useful threads to bookmark:

An IGI tutorial (beginners)
An Olde Crone Holden 11/10/2007 23:25:30 94

THE 13 COMMANDMENTS........!!
Kim ~Leeds~ 11/10/2007 23:24:03 219

applying to a register office for a certificate
Joy Dean 11/10/2007 23:23:27 57

Information: * census dates for England and Wales
Joy Dean 11/10/2007 23:23:04 40

Good Websites (add yours here)
Eleanor in south London 11/10/2007
23:22:41 252

Tips/Info for NOT SO newbies
Andy OOP North 11/10/2007 23:22:13 158

!!UPDATE!! - A - Z of Geneology Sites
Stephanie 11/10/2007 23:21:39 25

INFORMATION ONLY-When asking for help
Claire in Wales 11/10/2007 23:21:16 2

Cemetary websites
George Is Not A Guy 11/10/2007 23:20:47 200

UPDATED!!!***BEST WEBSITES LIST **** 14.09.07
♥ Deb 11/10/2007 23:18:29 181

researching at records offices, libraries etc
Joy Dean 11/10/2007 23:13:05 51

Genealogical abbreviations and terminology. Please
Joy Dean 11/10/2007 23:12:11 30

Information: Irish research tips, please add
Joy Dean 11/10/2007 23:11:27 134

military research tips, please add, thanks
Joy Dean 11/10/2007 23:10:23 81

Online parish clerks AKA OPCs
Joy Dean

Register Offices that do supply certificates
Joy Dean 11/10/2007 23:02:07 72

Starting family history research …… . please add
Joy Dean 11/10/2007 22:53:48 69

Newbies and the IGI: information for Newbies, plea
An Olde Crone Holden 11/10/2007 22:26:33 72

◈ MESSAGE BOARD TIPS & TRICKS ◈
♥ Mildred ♥ Honkinbottom 11/10/2007 17:58:16 147

My Best tip for Newbies - GOOGLE, GOOGLE, GOOGLE
Heather

TIPS FOR NEWBIES, PLEASE READ
Heather 09/10/2007 18:04:08 72

WW1 & WW2 Official Casualties

names list some civilians on there as well!

http://www.cwgc.org/

GERMAN HISTORY

Google http://genealogy.about.com/od/germany/

Research your German ancestry with this collection of genealogy and family history records